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China’s Export Ban Sends Antimony Prices Soaring 40% in One Day

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China’s Export Ban Sends Antimony Prices Soaring 40% in One Day

Antimony prices soared 40% on Wednesday after China on Tuesday banned exports to the United States of several critical minerals. China enforced theexisting limits on antimony, gallium, and germanium – critical minerals that have widespread military applications ahead of President-elect Donald Trump taking office next month.

“In principle, the export of gallium, germanium, antimony, and superhard materials to the United States shall not be permitted,” Chinese Commerce Ministry said.

China is the world’s largest producer of antimony, accounting for 48% of global mined output. The country’s output in 2023 clocked in at 40,000 tonnes, nearly double Tajikistan’s 21,000 tonnes while Turkey was the third largest producer with 6,000 tonnes.

Antimony is considered a strategic metal used in military applications such as ammunition, infrared missiles and nuclear weapons as well as lead-acid storage batteries used in cars and brake pads thanks to its heat resistant properties. Antimony is also widely used in the solar sector to improve transparency for the cover glass on solar cells and is also used in the screens of smartphones.

“It’s a sign of the times. The military uses of Sb (antimony) are now the tail that wags the dog. Everyone needs it for armaments so it is better to hang onto it than sell it. This will put a real squeeze on the U.S. and European militaries,” Christopher Ecclestone, a principal and mining strategist at Hallgarten & Company in London, told CNN shortly after Beijing announced the curbs on antimony exports.

Not surprisingly, shares of rare metal producers are flying: shares of Hunan Gold Corporation, one of the biggest antimony producers, have returned 64% in the year-to-date while Perpetua Resources has rocketed 270% over the timeframe.

Beijing’s latest move comes the day after Washington’slatest crackdown on China’s chip sector, marking the escalation of an ongoing trade war between the world’s two largest economies. Last year, China announcedthat it would impose restrictions on exports of eight gallium and six germanium products starting August 2023  in retaliation for U.S. imposing trade restrictions and tariffs on Chinese-made products. On August 14, Beijing tightened the noose and announced export restrictions on antimony as part of the country’s latest move to restrict critical mineral shipments.

By Alex Kimani for Oilprice.com

Mining Opportunities in Kadoma

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Mining Opportunities in Kadoma

Kadoma, located in Zimbabwe’s Mashonaland West province, is rich in mining potential. Known historically as a gold mining hub, Kadoma offers a wide array of mineral opportunities that extend far beyond gold.

This article delves into the key mining prospects and highlights the immense potential that the region holds for investors and industry stakeholders.

Key Minerals in Kadoma

Kadoma is home to an impressive variety of minerals, making it a strategic location for mining operations. Some of the prominent minerals found in Kadoma include:

  • Gold: Found in every district in Zimbabwe, Kadoma has a long history of gold mining, with established small-scale and large-scale operations. RioZim’s Cam and Motor Mine is located in the town. Successful small-scale miners like Mrasta, Cosy Rules and Kevie are based in Kadoma.
  • Chromium: The region is rich in chromium deposits, crucial for stainless steel production.
  • Copper: Copper reserves in Kadoma present significant opportunities for industrial applications, including electronics and construction.
  • Iron: Kadoma’s iron deposits are an essential resource for the steel manufacturing sector.
  • Kaolin: This clay mineral has numerous industrial uses, including ceramics and paper production.
  • Pyrite: Also known as “fool’s gold,” pyrite found in Kadoma has potential for sulfuric acid production.
  • Mercury: This mineral is essential in certain chemical processes, although its extraction and use require strict environmental management.
  • Limestone: Widely used in construction and industrial applications, limestone reserves in Kadoma are plentiful.
  • Magnetite: A valuable iron ore, magnetite in Kadoma can support the steel and construction industries.
  • Tungsten: With applications ranging from electronics to military equipment, Kadoma’s tungsten deposits are a lucrative resource.

Opportunities for Investment

Kadoma’s diverse mineral wealth creates a range of investment opportunities across different sectors:

  1. Mining and Processing Facilities: Developing new mining operations or expanding existing ones can help unlock the full potential of Kadoma’s mineral wealth.
  2. Value Addition: Establishing plants to process raw minerals locally could maximize economic benefits and create jobs in the region.
  3. Technology and Expertise: Kadoma presents opportunities for mining technology companies to introduce sustainable and efficient mining practices.
  4. Export Potential: With demand for minerals like gold, chromium, and tungsten growing globally, Kadoma offers a strategic position for mineral exports.

Challenges and Recommendations

While Kadoma offers vast opportunities, there are challenges that investors need to consider, such as regulatory compliance, environmental sustainability, and access to infrastructure. Strengthening public-private partnerships and adhering to sustainable mining practices will be crucial in overcoming these hurdles.

Conclusion

Kadoma’s mineral wealth positions it as a vital contributor to Zimbabwe’s mining sector. With strategic investments and sustainable practices, the region has the potential to attract global attention and contribute significantly to Zimbabwe’s economic growth. Aspiring miners and investors are encouraged to explore Kadoma’s opportunities and contribute to the development of this mining hub.

Zimplats Smelter Completed, BMR Construction Underway

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Zimplats Smelter Completed, BMR Construction Underway

Zimbabwe’s largest platinum group metal (PGM) producer, Zimplats, has reached a significant milestone in its value addition and beneficiation strategy with the completion of its state-of-the-art smelter at the Selous Metallurgical Complex. This facility is set to enhance the production of critical base metals such as nickel, copper, and cobalt, contributing to the country’s broader mining industry objectives, Mining Zimbabwe reports.

By Rudairo Mapuranga

During a ministerial visit led by the Minister of Mines and Mining Development, Hon. Winston Chitando, Zimplats’ Chief Technical Officer, Amend Chiduma, highlighted the operational capabilities and significance of the newly completed smelter. He emphasized that this development ushers in an era of increased local processing for Zimplats.

“We receive concentrates from our concentrators. Once the concentrates arrive here, they are wet and require drying before entering the furnace. The flash dryer, part of our advanced smelting technology, ensures efficient drying of the PGM concentrates,” Chiduma explained.

The smelter operates at 38 megawatts and boasts an annual processing capacity of 380 kilotons, tripling the company’s previous capacity. “This smelter is located adjacent to our old facility, and its furnace is among the largest globally. With this upgrade, we’ve increased our smelting capacity threefold,” Chiduma noted.

Smelting Process Details

Chiduma outlined the stages involved in the smelting process:

  • After concentrates are fed into the furnace, furnace matte is produced.
  • The matte undergoes further refinement in converters to eliminate impurities.
  • Supporting infrastructure, including cooling towers and electrical switchgear facilities, ensures seamless operations.

The completion of the smelter reduces Zimplats’ reliance on external smelting services and aligns with its strategy of maximizing local beneficiation while boosting production and export capacity.

Base Metal Refinery (BMR) Construction Progress

In addition to the smelter, Zimplats is making progress on its Base Metal Refinery (BMR), which will complete the beneficiation process by refining nickel, copper, and cobalt extracted from the smelter.

“We’ve procured all required circuits for the BMR and are now assembling and commissioning them. This will enable full beneficiation, adding value to both the company and the country,” Chiduma said.

Investment in Sulphuric Acid Production

Zimplats is also investing in an acid plant that will utilize gases emitted by the smelter to produce sulphuric acid, a key component in fertilizer production. This will support Zimbabwe’s agricultural sector by meeting growing fertilizer demands.

Significance for Zimbabwe’s Economy

The advancements at the Selous Metallurgical Complex are pivotal in Zimbabwe’s economic growth strategy, which aims to achieve upper-middle-income status by 2030. Zimplats’ investments in local beneficiation and refining processes are expected to play a critical role in industrialization and economic growth.

These developments underline Zimplats’ commitment to aligning its operations with Zimbabwe’s national economic goals, fostering both industrial and agricultural progress.

Gold Deliveries Decline Over 9% in November, Large-Scale Mines Sees Growth

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Gold Deliveries Decline Over 9% in November, Large-Scale Mines Sees Growth

Gold deliveries to Zimbabwe’s sole authorized buyer and exporter, Fidelity Gold Refinery (FGR), decreased by 9.65% in November compared to October, Mining Zimbabwe can report.

By Rudairo Mapuranga

In November, small-scale miners contributed 2,639.7751 kilograms of gold, a 16% decrease from the 3,143.1645 kilograms delivered in October. Large-scale miners, however, recorded a 9.94% increase, delivering 1,126.3594 kilograms in November, up from 1,024.6346 kilograms in October. Total gold deliveries for November amounted to 3,766.1345 kilograms, reflecting a decline from October’s total of 4,167.7995 kilograms.

From January to November 2024, small-scale miners delivered a cumulative total of 20,321.2496 kilograms, while large-scale miners contributed 11,706.5933 kilograms. This brought the combined total to 32,027.8429 kilograms, underscoring the dominance of small-scale miners, who account for nearly two-thirds of Zimbabwe’s gold output.

October Performance Outshines November

The November decline contrasts with October’s strong performance, where gold deliveries surged by approximately 22% compared to September. This growth was largely driven by a 30.7% increase in contributions from artisanal and small-scale miners (ASM), which reached 3,143.1649 kilograms in October. Deliveries from large-scale miners also rose modestly by 1.5% in October, totalling 1,024.6346 kilograms.

Overall, October’s total gold production climbed to 4,167.7995 kilograms from September’s 3,414.1914 kilograms. This marked an impressive month-on-month increase driven by both ASM and large-scale mining sectors.

Year-to-Date Trends and Sector Volatility

Throughout 2024, gold deliveries have demonstrated significant volatility. For example, in August, deliveries rose by about 36% from July, primarily due to a 42.7% increase in ASM contributions. Total deliveries in August reached 3,400.3442 kilograms, up from 2,495.0803 kilograms in July. Large-scale miners also saw a 10.6% rise in contributions during this period.

The second quarter of 2024 saw a notable 28% increase in gold deliveries compared to the first quarter, with ASM accounting for a 55.6% surge. This consistent performance by ASM highlights its critical role in driving Zimbabwe’s gold production, although the sector faces challenges such as rising operational costs and unfavourable government currency policies.

Challenges and Outlook

Despite November’s decline, the overall gold sector remains resilient. The year-to-date performance has outpaced previous years, but the sector faces sustainability concerns, especially among small-scale miners who are grappling with operational challenges. In 2023, gold deliveries dropped by 15% due to similar difficulties, but 2024 has shown a robust rebound.

Stakeholders in Zimbabwe’s gold industry are optimistic about sustaining production levels into 2025. Efforts to address the challenges faced by both ASM and large-scale miners, particularly through supportive policies and improved mining practices, will be crucial for the sector’s continued growth.

Gold buying prices per gram in Zimbabwe 5 December 2024

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Gold buying prices per gram in Zimbabwe 5 December 2024

These are the official gold buying prices per gram in Zimbabwe today 5 December 2024, from the official gold buyer and exporter Fidelity Gold Refinery (FGR).

SG 90% and ABOVE US$80.47/g
SG ABOVE 85% BUT BELOW 90% US$79.62g
SG ABOVE 80% BUT BELOW 85% US$78.76/g
SG ABOVE 75% BUT BELOW 80% US$77.91/g
SAMPLE BELOW 10g BUT ABOVE 5g US$76.64/g

Fire Assay CASH $80.89/g

NB: Fire Assay cash price is for gold above 100gs, no sample is deducted.
For the Fire Assay Transfer price, a sample of not more than 10g is deducted
A 2% royalty is charged on all deposits (Small-scale miners)
A 5% royalty is set for Primary Producers

Cash available. Fidelity Gold Refinery prices will be changing daily to match world market prices.

Mining Opportunities in Hurungwe

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Mining Opportunities in Hurungwe

Hurungwe District, located in the Mashonaland West Province of Zimbabwe, is endowed with a diverse array of minerals, making it an attractive destination for mining investment. From gemstones to industrial minerals and precious metals, Hurungwe holds untapped potential that could significantly contribute to Zimbabwe’s mining sector and economy.

Minerals Found in Hurungwe

  1. Gold
    Like every district in Zimbabwe, Hurungwe has gold deposits. This presents opportunities for both small-scale and large-scale mining ventures, catering to the ever-growing demand for this precious metal.
  2. Coal
    Hurungwe hosts coal deposits, a critical resource for energy production and industrial processes. Investment in coal mining can contribute to the district’s energy security and supply thermal power plants across Zimbabwe.
  3. Amethyst
    Amethyst, a valuable gemstone, is present in Hurungwe. This creates opportunities for artisanal and small-scale mining focused on the gemstone market, with potential for export earnings.
  4. Emeralds
    The presence of emeralds in Hurungwe positions the district as a key player in Zimbabwe’s gemstone mining sector. These high-value gemstones hold significant potential for export and jewelry manufacturing.
  5. Graphite
    Graphite deposits in Hurungwe offer opportunities to tap into the global market for this critical mineral, used in battery production, refractories, and lubricants. The increasing demand for graphite in green energy technologies makes this resource highly lucrative.
  6. Tin
    Tin mining opportunities in Hurungwe are promising, especially with the global demand for tin in electronics manufacturing. Investments in tin mining and processing can position the district as a supplier of this vital mineral.
  7. Tungsten
    Known for its high melting point and industrial applications, tungsten deposits in Hurungwe could attract investments in mining and export markets.
  8. Diatomite
    Hurungwe’s diatomite reserves are a valuable resource for the filtration, agriculture, and construction industries. This industrial mineral can be leveraged for both domestic and international markets.
  9. Beryl and Tantalum
    Hurungwe is also rich in beryl and tantalum, both used in high-tech industries such as electronics and aerospace. These minerals offer opportunities to attract investors seeking materials for high-demand technological applications.
  10. Garnet and Topaz
    Garnet and topaz, found in Hurungwe, are sought-after gemstones. These minerals present opportunities for artisanal mining and niche markets in the global jewellery industry.
  11. Sillimanite
    This industrial mineral is used in refractory and ceramic products, offering opportunities for value-added processing in Hurungwe.
  12. Kainite
    With applications in agriculture and industrial sectors, kainite deposits in Hurungwe are ripe for exploitation to support local and regional industries.

Opportunities for Investment

  • Exploration and Mining Operations: With its vast mineral resources, Hurungwe presents a prime location for exploration and mining ventures targeting both local and export markets.
  • Processing Facilities: Establishing beneficiation and value-adding facilities for minerals like graphite, tantalum, and gemstones could increase the district’s economic output.
  • Infrastructure Development: Investments in transport and energy infrastructure to support mining operations can further unlock Hurungwe’s potential.
  • Community Partnerships: Collaborative projects that involve local communities ensure inclusive growth and long-term sustainability of mining operations.

Challenges and Mitigation

While Hurungwe’s mineral wealth is promising, challenges such as lack of advanced infrastructure, fluctuating global commodity prices, and environmental concerns must be addressed. Solutions include:

  • Partnering with government bodies to streamline mining regulations.
  • Adopting sustainable mining practices to minimize environmental impact.
  • Investing in local workforce training to build mining expertise.

Hurungwe is a district rich in opportunities for mining and mineral development. Its diverse mineral portfolio, ranging from precious metals and gemstones to industrial minerals, positions it as a strategic hub for mining investments. By leveraging its resources sustainably and fostering partnerships, Hurungwe can unlock its full potential, contributing significantly to Zimbabwe’s economic growth.

Investors, miners, and stakeholders are encouraged to explore the untapped opportunities in Hurungwe and be part of its transformation into a mining powerhouse.

Chitando appoints new board members to the MMCZ Board

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Chitando appoints new board members to the MMCZ Board

Mines and Mining Development Minister, Hon. Winston Chitando, has appointed Mrs Patricia Bwerinofa and Mrs Thandiwe Thando Mlobane to the Minerals Marketing Corporation of Zimbabwe (MMCZ) board effective November 19, 2024.

According to the MMCZ, the strategic addition is expected to enhance the board’s capacity to provide expert guidance, leveraging their combined expertise in public sector accounting and corporate governance.

As the Corporation plays a vital role in marketing and selling Zimbabwe’s minerals, this appointment is crucial for the country’s mining sector development.

More to follow…

Gold buying prices per gram in Zimbabwe 4 December 2024

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Gold buying prices per gram in Zimbabwe 4 December 2024

These are the official gold buying prices per gram in Zimbabwe today 4 December 2024, from the official gold buyer and exporter Fidelity Gold Refinery (FGR).

SG 90% and ABOVE US$80.22/g
SG ABOVE 85% BUT BELOW 90% US$79.38g
SG ABOVE 80% BUT BELOW 85% US$78.53/g
SG ABOVE 75% BUT BELOW 80% US$77.68/g
SAMPLE BELOW 10g BUT ABOVE 5g US$76.40/g

Fire Assay CASH $80.65/g

NB: Fire Assay cash price is for gold above 100gs, no sample is deducted.
For the Fire Assay Transfer price, a sample of not more than 10g is deducted
A 2% royalty is charged on all deposits (Small-scale miners)
A 5% royalty is set for Primary Producers

Cash available. Fidelity Gold Refinery prices will be changing daily to match world market prices.

Mining Opportunities in Mberengwa

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Mining Opportunities in Mberengwa

Mberengwa District, located in Zimbabwe’s Midlands Province, is a treasure trove of mineral resources, offering exceptional opportunities for investment in the mining sector. The district boasts a wide variety of minerals critical to domestic industries and global markets, making it a hotspot for mining activities.

Key Minerals Found in Mberengwa

  1. Gold
    Gold is present in every district of Zimbabwe, including Mberengwa. This valuable resource attracts artisanal miners and large-scale operations alike. Expanding production and investing in processing facilities can enhance the value of this commodity.
  2. Chrome
    Mberengwa is one of Zimbabwe’s key chromium-producing regions. Chromium is critical for stainless steel production, making it a sought-after mineral for both local beneficiation and export.
  3. Asbestos
    Asbestos deposits in Mberengwa have historically supported Zimbabwe’s construction and industrial sectors. While the global use of asbestos is declining, modern, safer applications and export opportunities still exist.
  4. Emeralds
    Mberengwa is among the few districts in Zimbabwe with emerald deposits. These gemstones hold significant potential for artisanal mining and high-value exports.
  5. Iron
    Iron ore from Mberengwa is crucial for Zimbabwe’s steel industry. Investing in iron extraction and processing can boost the district’s economic contributions.
  6. Limestone
    Limestone, found in abundance in Mberengwa, is vital for cement production. The growing construction industry in Zimbabwe provides a ready market for this resource.
  7. Magnetite
    Magnetite deposits are important for both steel production and industrial applications. These resources can attract value-added projects in mineral processing.
  8. Antimony and Beryl
    Mberengwa also has deposits of antimony and beryl, used in various industrial and technological applications. These minerals can open niche markets in global supply chains.
  9. Talc
    Talc from Mberengwa can be utilized in cosmetics, ceramics, and industrial applications, presenting opportunities for export-driven ventures.
  10. Tantalum and Tungsten
    Known for their high value in electronics and aerospace industries, tantalum and tungsten deposits in Mberengwa offer prospects for targeted mining initiatives.
  11. Lead and Zinc
    Lead and zinc deposits in the district present opportunities for metal refining and export.

Strategic Advantages of Mberengwa

  • Diverse Mineral Portfolio: The wide variety of minerals in Mberengwa ensures that investors can focus on multiple commodities to maximize returns.
  • Proximity to Markets: Located in the Midlands, Mberengwa has access to key infrastructure, including transport links to Harare, Beitbridge and Bulawayo, enabling efficient supply chains.
  • Skilled Workforce: A history of mining in the region has cultivated a pool of experienced miners and professionals.

Challenges and Solutions

While Mberengwa holds significant potential, challenges such as fluctuating global commodity prices, regulatory compliance, and sustainable mining practices need attention. Solutions include:

  • Partnerships with local communities to ensure shared benefits.
  • Investment in sustainable technologies to minimize environmental impact.
  • Government support for streamlined licensing processes.

Mberengwa’s mineral wealth positions it as a key player in Zimbabwe’s mining sector. With its abundance of high-value minerals and strategic location, the district offers vast opportunities for local and international investors. Focused efforts on sustainable and value-added mining practices can transform Mberengwa into a hub for mining excellence, driving economic growth and development.

Investors are encouraged to explore Mberengwa’s potential and contribute to unlocking the district’s mineral wealth.

China’s Ban on Key High-Tech Materials Exports, A Looming Crisis for U.S. Industries?

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China’s Ban on Key High-Tech Materials Exports, A Looming Crisis for U.S. Industries?

China has banned the export of critical high-tech materials, including gallium, germanium, antimony, and other essential minerals, to the United States. These materials are pivotal to industries such as electronics, semiconductors, renewable energy, and defence, Mining Zimbabwe reports.

By Rudairo Mapuranga

The ban has already sparked concerns about its impact on global supply chains and the future of technological innovation in the U.S.

Gallium, germanium, and antimony are crucial for producing semiconductors, smartphones, solar panels, and night vision technology. The U.S. tech and defence industries, which heavily rely on these minerals, may face significant disruptions.

According to Guillermo Farrell, a news analyst:

“China’s mineral export ban is a tech cold war power move: gallium, germanium, and antimony—key to U.S. semiconductors—off the table. The global supply chain scramble has begun. Trade wars aren’t fought with tariffs anymore, they’re fought with the periodic table.”

With China producing about 98% of global gallium and 60% of germanium, the ban could create shortages, drive up prices, and delay production in industries reliant on these materials. Companies might struggle to meet demand, affecting everything from consumer electronics to military hardware.

The global supply chain remains heavily dependent on China for these minerals. The U.S. has limited domestic production of gallium and germanium, meaning it must either seek alternative sources or develop its own to reduce dependency on Chinese exports. However, this is easier said than done.

Some experts argue that while alternative sources exist, such as gallium being a byproduct of aluminium production and germanium from zinc, they are not sufficient to replace China’s output. A mining expert noted:
“Gallium from aluminium and germanium from zinc have many sources, but the infrastructure isn’t in place to recover them at scale. We’ll see a surge in recovery efforts as prices increase, but it won’t be an overnight fix.”

The ban could profoundly impact the timeline for technological innovation in the U.S., particularly in critical sectors like artificial intelligence, advanced computing, and defence. As Daniel Jeffries, a U.S. futurist, points out:
“We use these materials in chips, phones, nukes, night vision goggles, and more. If China continues to tighten control over these exports, it could cripple key industries.”

This also raises geopolitical concerns, especially as China works to reduce its reliance on Western technology and infrastructure. The ongoing “chip wars” have already seen tit-for-tat actions, with the U.S. restricting exports of high-tech chips to China. According to Jeffries, China is now focused on “recreating the global chip pipeline,” a process that will take time but could eventually isolate U.S. tech companies from critical resources.

Many experts believe this move by China could be a direct response to past U.S. tariffs and sanctions on Chinese tech products, particularly during the Trump administration. The question now is whether this will trigger another round of trade conflicts between the two global superpowers.

When asked about this possibility, some industry analysts were cautious:

“It’s too early to say anything with certainty. However, tensions are rising, and we may very well see another trade war similar to the one we witnessed during Trump’s presidency,” one expert commented.

With Donald Trump winning his second term as U.S. President, any policy shifts could further escalate tensions between Washington and Beijing.

As China tightens its grip on the supply of critical materials, the U.S. and other nations face the challenge of adapting to this new reality. Farrell emphasizes:

“The chip wars are forcing China to recreate the global chip pipeline. It will take time, but they will do it. Then what’s to stop them from using their control over high-tech materials as leverage in other geopolitical issues?”

The impact of this ban will likely be felt for years, with industries, governments, and investors scrambling to find solutions. One thing is clear: the race for critical minerals is on, and the outcome will shape the future of technology and global power dynamics.

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